Which of the following tests is commonly performed to measure the density of coarse aggregate?

• A. Compaction test
• B. Specific gravity test
• C. Water absorption test
• D. Gradation test

Answer: (B)

The specific gravity test is a fundamental method used to determine the density of coarse aggregate. This test provides the ratio of the weight of the aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. By calculating the specific gravity, you can derive the density of the material, as density is defined as mass per unit volume.

Specific gravity is crucial for understanding the properties of aggregate, including its suitability for various construction applications. When aggregates are used in concrete mixes, knowing their density helps engineers to ensure the correct proportions of materials for achieving desired strengths and performance characteristics.

In contrast, the compaction test primarily evaluates the maximum density of soil or aggregates under controlled conditions, which is distinct from measuring the inherent density of the material itself. The water absorption test focuses on determining the amount of water an aggregate can absorb, which can impact its performance but does not directly measure density. The gradation test evaluates the particle size distribution within the aggregate but does not address density measurements. Therefore, the specific gravity test stands out as the appropriate method for measuring the density of coarse aggregate.